Gum disease often goes unnoticed during its early stages. However, as the condition worsens, transitioning from gingivitis to periodontitis, the symptoms can become more obvious. Here are some symptoms of gum disease, roughly ordered from early to advanced:
- Swollen or reddened gums
- Tender gums
- Bleeding gums
- Chronic bad breath or foul taste in the mouth
- Food stuck in teeth or gums
- Receding gums
- Drifting teeth
- Loose teeth
- Pus between gums and teeth
- Lost teeth
Gum disease can start out with minor swelling and redness on the gums. It can be hard to notice at first. It becomes more noticeable when you brush or floss your teeth. Your gums can feel tender to the touch of the toothbrush or floss. They might bleed when you brush or floss — this is not normal, it’s a sign of poor oral health. Later, your gums may bleed spontaneously.
Everyone develops bad breath sometimes because of food we eat or beverages we drink. However, if you have bad breath all the time or most days, and it doesn't improve with brushing and flossing, you might have gum disease or another infection in your mouth.
As bacteria increase the space between your teeth and gums, it’s more likely to get food stuck in there. Your gums might also begin receding — although it might look like your teeth are growing, it’s your gums that are pulling back from teeth.
In advanced gum disease, bacteria attack and destroy your jaw bone. As your teeth lose their firm connection in the bone, they can begin to drift. You might notice them getting loose, and they can be
lost requiring dental implants. With bad infections, you might notice pus between gums and teeth.